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When someone is drowning:
- Extend a long pole or branch to the person, or use a throw rope attached to a buoyant object, such as a life ring or life jacket. Toss it to the floundering person, then pull him or her to shore.
- People who have fallen through ice become hypothermic very rapidly and may not be able to grasp objects within their reach or hold on while being pulled to safety.
- Do not place yourself in danger. Do NOT get into the water or go out onto ice unless your own safety can be assured.
- If you are trained to attempt rescue, do so immediately if you can assure your own safety.
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If the victim's breathing has stopped, begin rescue breaths as soon as you safely can. This often means starting the breathing process while still in the water.
Continue to breathe for the person every few seconds while moving them to shore. Once on land, administer CPR if needed. For step-by-step instructions on rescue breathing, see the article on CPR.
Always use caution when moving a drowning victim. Assume that the person may have a neck or spine injury, and avoid turning or bending the neck. Immobilize the head and neck during resuscitation and transport. Either tape it to a backboard or stretcher, or secure the neck by placing rolled towels or other objects around it.
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