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Hemorrhoids

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Hemorrhoids

Definition:

Hemorrhoids are painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus.

Alternative Names:
Rectal lump; Piles; Lump in the rectum

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Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

This condition is very common, especially during pregnancy and after childbirth. Hemorrhoids result from increased pressure in the veins of the anus. The pressure causes the veins to bulge and expand, making them painful, particularly when you are sitting.

The most common cause is straining during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids may result from constipation, sitting for long periods of time, and anal infections. In some cases they may be caused by other diseases, such as liver cirrhosis.

Internal hemorrhoids occur just inside the anus, at the beginning of the rectum. External hemorrhoids occur at the anal opening and may hang outside the anus.

References:

Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 7^th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2002.

Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5^th Ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002.

Rakel P, ed.Textbook of Family Practice. 6^th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2002.

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