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Graves’ disease
Definition:
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease -- one in which the immune system attacks certain tissues -- that causes overactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). Alternative Names:
Diffuse thyrotoxic goiter Text Continues Below
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Located in the front of the neck just below the larynx (voicebox), the thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The thyroid secretes the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Regulation of metabolism is critical in controlling mood, weight and mental and physical energy levels. Thyroid disorders caused by overproduction of thyroid hormones are called hyperthyroidism, and underproduction of these hormones is known as hypothyroidism.
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The production of thyroid hormone is increased, causing a wide range of symptoms from anxiety and restlessness to insomnia and weight loss. In addition, the eyeballs may begin to protrude (exophthalmos) causing irritation and tearing. Graves' disease is caused by innapropriate immune system activation that targets the thyroid gland and causes overproduction of thyroid hormones. Risk factors are being a woman over 20 years old, although the disorder may occur at any age and may affect men.
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