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Treatment depends upon the severity and cause of the condition. Mild hypercalcemia may be monitored -- rather than treated -- unless impaired renal function, kidney stones or bone demineralization occur.
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Treatment may include:
- Encouraging fluids given by mouth to prevent kidney stone formation
- Avoiding sedentary lifestyle or immobilization
- Avoiding thiazide-type diuretics
- Using estrogen therapy (for postmenopausal women)
For symptomatic, severe hypercalcemia, hospitalization may be required. Rehydration using intravenous fluids may be started. Medications to quickly bring down the calcium may be given, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin
Surgical removal of a tumor or excess parathyroid tissue from hyperplasia is indicated if hypercalcemia is more severe or if one or more of the following complications are present: kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), pancreatitis, psychiatric disease, or bone demineralization.
Surgery is also recommended for younger patients (less than 50 years old).
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