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Dialysis or kidney transplantation are the only treatments for ESRD. The physical condition of the person and other factors determines which of these is used. Other treatments of chronic kidney failure may continue but are unlikely to work without dialysis or transplantation. Current therapy includes aggressive treatment of high blood pressure with an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker.
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Associated diseases that cause or result from chronic renal failure must be controlled. Hypertension (high blood pressure), congestive heart failure, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, obstructions of the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, and other disorders should be treated.
Blood transfusions and medications such as iron and erythropoietin may be needed to control anemia. Fluids may be restricted to an amount nearly equal to the volume of urine produced.
Dietary restrictions may slow the build-up of wastes in the bloodstream and control associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Restrictions include a low- protein diet, with high carbohydrate levels to make up for the lost calories. Salt, potassium, phosphorus, and other electrolytes may be restricted.
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