Acute kidney failure

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Kidney anatomy

Acute (sudden) kidney failure is the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove waste and concentrate urine without losing electrolytes.

Kidney failure; Renal failure; Renal failure - acute; ARF; Kidney injury - acute

There are many possible causes of kidney damage. They include:

• Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
• Autoimmune kidney disease, including:
  • Acute nephritic syndrome
  • Interstitial nephritis
• Decreased blood flow due to very low blood pressure, which can result from:
  • Burns
  • Dehydration
  • Hemorrhage
  • Injury
  • Septic shock
  • Serious illness
  • Surgery
• Disorders that cause clotting within the kidney's blood vessels:
  • Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
  • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (ITTP)
  • Malignant hypertension
  • Transfusion reaction
  • Scleroderma
• Infections that directly injure the kidney, such as:
  • Acute pyelonephritis
  • Septicemia
• Pregnancy complications, including:
  • Placenta abruptio
  • Placenta previa
• Urinary tract obstruction

Review Date: 08/31/2010
Reviewed By: Charles Silberberg, DO, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology, Affiliated with New York Medical College, Division of Nephrology, Valhalla, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org).

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