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Menopause

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Menopause

Alternative Names: Perimenopause; Postmenopause Symptoms: The potential symptoms include: Hot flashes and skin flushing Night sweats Insomnia Mood swings including irritability, depression, and anxiety Irregular menstrual periods Spotting of blood in between periods Vaginal dryness and painful sexual intercourse Decreased sex drive Vaginal infections Urinary tract infections Text Continues Below In addition, the long-term effects of menopause include: Bone loss and eventual osteoporosis Changes in cholesterol levels and greater risk of heart disease Signs and tests: Blood and urine tests can be used to measure hormone levels that may indicate when a woman is close to menopause or has already gone through menopause. Examples of these tests include: Estradiol FSH LH A Pap smear may indicate changes in the vaginal lining caused by changes in estrogen levels. A bone density test may be performed to screen for low bone density levels seen with osteoporosis. References: Weismiller D. The Perimenopause and Menopause Experience: An Overview. Clin Fam Practice. 2002; 4(1). Stenchever, MA. Comprehensive Gynecology, 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo:Mosby, Inc.; 2001:1217-1250.

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