Scarlet fever

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Normal lungs and alveoli

Signs of scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an infection of the throat with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria (strep throat).

Scarlatina

Scarlet fever was once a very serious childhood disease, but now is easily treatable. The incubation period is short, generally 1-2 days. Illness typically begins with a fever and sore throat. It may be accompanied by chills, vomiting, abdominal pain, and malaise.

The streptococcal bacteria produces a toxin that causes a rash that appears one to two days after the onset of illness. The rash usually first appears on the neck and chest, then spreads over the body. It is described as "sandpapery" in quality. The texture of the rash is more important than the appearance in confirming the diagnosis. The rash can last for over a week. As the rash fades, peeling (desquamation) may occur around the finger tips, toes, and groin area.

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The main risk factors is infection with the bacteria that causes strep throat. A history of strep throat or scarlet fever in the community, neighborhood, or school may increase the risk of infection.

Review Date: 10/27/2005
Reviewed By: Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP, Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.