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Orbital cellulitis

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Orbital cellulitis

Definition:

Orbital cellulitis is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

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Orbital cellulitis is a dangerous infection with potentially serious complications. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection from the sinuses (ethmoid or para-nasal). Other causes include a stye on the eyelid, bug bites, or a recent injury to the eyelid.

In children, orbital cellulitis is usually from a sinus infection and due to the organism Hemophilus influenzae. Other organisms such as Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic streptococci may also cause this condition. Infections in children may get worse very quickly, and require immediate medical attention to avoid loss of vision. Children are at particular risk for severe infections that could result in blindness.

Infants and children up through age 6 - 7 years seem to be particularly susceptible to infection with Hemophilus influenzae, and are most at risk. The incidence of severe disease has decreased steadily since the introduction of HiB vaccine (Hemophilus influenzae B). Risk factors include sinus infections or injury to the eyelid, including bug bites. Although the infection usually rapidly improves with antibiotic treatment, hospitalization may be required.

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