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Amblyopia
Definition:
Amblyopia is loss of visual acuity in one eye caused by lack of use of that eye in early childhood. Alternative Names:
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Amblyopia can be caused by any condition that causes one eye to be favored and the other ignored by the brain. Strabismus (crossed eyes), different refractive errors (farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism) in the two eyes, and childhood cataract are common causes of amblyopia. The preferred eye becomes dominant and has normal vision. The non-favored eye is ignored by the brain to avoid a clash between the two different images from the eyes. As a result, the visual system in the brain for the non-favored eye fails to develop properly. Between ages 5 and 10, the brain stops growing and the condition becomes permanent. Strabismus is the most common cause of amblyopia, and there is often a family history of this condition.
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