TMJ disorders

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Causes of secondary headache

Skull of an adult

TMD; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Temporomandibular muscle disorders

Simple, gentle therapies are usually recommended first.

• Learn how to gently stretch, relax, or massage the muscles around your jaw. Your doctor, dentist, or physical therapist can help you with these.
• Avoid actions that cause your symptoms, such as yawning, singing, and chewing gum.
• Try moist heat or cold packs on your face.
• Learn stress-reducing techniques.
• Exercising several times each week may help you increase your ability to handle pain.

Read as much as you can, as opinion varies widely on how to treat TMJ disorders. Get the opinions of several doctors. The good news is that most people eventually find something that helps.

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Ask you doctor or dentist about medications you can use:

• Short-term use of acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Muscle relaxant medicines or antidepressants
• Rarely, corticosteroid shots in the TMJ to treat inflammation

Mouth or bite guards, also called splints or appliances, have been used since the 1930s to treat teeth grinding, clenching, and TMJ disorders.

• While many people have found them to be useful, the benefits vary widely. The guard may lose its effectiveness over time, or when you stop wearing it. Other people may feel worse pain when they wear one.
• There are different types of splints. Some fit over the top teeth, while others fit over the bottom teeth.
• Permanent use of these items is not recommended. You should also stop if they cause any changes in your bite.

Failure of more conservative treatments doe not automatically mean you need more aggressive treatment. Be cautious about any nonreversible treatment method, such as orthodontics or surgery, that permanently changes your bite.

Reconstructive surgery of the jaw, or joint replacement, is rarely required. In fact, studies have shown that the results are often worse than before surgery.