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Takayasu arteritis

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Takayasu arteritis

Definition:

Takayasu arteritis is an inflammmation of the aorta and its major branches.

Alternative Names:
Pulseless disease

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Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The cause of Takayasu arteritis is unknown. The disease occurs primarily in children and young women younger than 30, many of whom are of Asian or African descent. It appears to be an autoimmune condition, where immune cells are wrongly targeted against the body's own tissues, and may involve other systems.

Because of changes in the aorta and its branches that feed the head, neck, and upper limb areas, patients may have decreased or absent radial pulses (pulse in the wrist) and pain in the arm and forearm. Inflammation in the carotid arteries (large arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain) may cause visual problems or neurological problems such as dizziness or stroke. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys often causes hypertension (high blood pressure). The formation of aneurysms may lead to rupture of the affected vessel.

Systemic complaints may include fever, rash, muscle aches (myalgia), and arthritis. Chest pain can develop due to inflammation of either the lining of the chest cavity (pleuritis) or the sac-like covering of the heart (pericarditis), or due to heart attack (myocardial infarction).

The survival rate is better for adults than for children.

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