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Q fever
Definition:
Q fever is an infection caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which can cause pneumonia and hepatitis (liver inflammation) in its early stages, and infection of the heart valves (endocarditis) if the condition becomes chronic (persisting over time). Alternative Names:
Query fever Text Continues Below
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Q fever is found around the world and is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The bacteria affects sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, cats, birds, rodents, and ticks, as well as some other animals. Infected animals shed this bacteria in urine, feces, birth products, and milk. Humans usually acquire Q fever by inhaling contaminated droplets excreted by infected animals. Consumption of raw milk has also been associated with infection in rare cases. People at highest risk for this infection are veterinarians, farmers, sheep and dairy workers, as well as laboratory workers who work with this organism.
The incubation period (time to development of symptoms) for early (acute) Q fever is approximately 20 days. In acute Q fever, the three main sets of symptoms include flu-like syndrome, pneumonia and hepatitis. Flu-like syndrome is usually self- limited; lasts up to three weeks; and may involve high fevers, headaches, and muscle aches. Pneumonia can occur in up to a third of individuals. Most cases are relatively mild and include fever and cough, yet some severe cases have been reported. Hepatitis is another common consequence of Q Fever, and it can occur alone or with concurrent pneumonia. Other less common features of acute Q fever include rashes, meningitis, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of heart lining).
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