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Congenital rubella

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Congenital rubella

Definition:

Congenital rubella is a group of physical problems that occur in an infant when its mother is infected with the virus that causes German measles.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

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Congenital rubella is caused by the destructive action of the rubella virus on the fetus at a critical time in development. The most critical time is the first trimester (the first 3 months of a pregnancy). After the fourth month, the mother's rubella infection is less likely to harm the developing fetus.

The incidence of rubella syndrome has decreased dramatically since the introduction of the rubella vaccine.

Risk factors for congenital rubella include lack of the recommended rubella immunization and contact with a person who has rubella (also called the 3-day measles or German measles). Pregnant women who are not vaccinated and who have not had rubella risk infection to themselves and damage to their unborn baby.

References:

Edlich RF, Winters KL, Long WB 3rd, Gubler KD. Rubella and congenital rubella (German measles). J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2005;15(3):319-28.

Bar-Oz B, Levichek Z, Moretti ME, Mah C, Andreou S, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome following rubella vaccination: a prospective controlled study. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Sep 15;130(1):52-4.

Robertson SE, Featherstone DA, Gacic-Dobo M, Hersh BS. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: global update. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2003 Nov;14(5):306-15. Review.

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