Medical Health Encyclopedia

Heart bypass surgery

The entire surgery can take 4-6 hours. After the surgery, the patient is taken to the Intensive Care Unit. For a few days after the surgery, the patient is connected to monitors and tubes.

OTHER TECHNIQUES

Other surgical techniques for this procedure are being used more frequently. One popular method is to avoid the use of the heart-lung machine. This is called off-pump coronary artery bypass or OPCAB. This operation allows the bypass to be created while the heart is still beating.

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The advantage here is that use of the heart-lung machine can lead to some loss of memory and mental clarity, while with OPCAB, that risk is reduced because the heart isn't stopped, and the blood isn't oxygenated externally.

Another alternative is the use of smaller incisions that avoid splitting the breastbone. This is referred to as Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass or MIDCAB.

Coronary bypass surgery can now be performed with the aid of a robot, which allows the surgeon to perform the operation without even being in the same room as the patient.

Indications:

Coronary artery bypass surgery is a treatment option for ischemic heart disease (too little blood reaching the heart muscle). Coronary surgery is recommended when there is disease of the left main coronary artery, disease of three or more vessels (triple vessel disease), or nonsurgical management hasn't worked. Nonsurgical management includes medication and/or angioplasty.

The earliest symptoms of ischemic heart disease include angina (chest pain) and shortness of breath. A person may have no symptoms; have mild, intermittent chest pain; or have more pronounced and steady pain. Still others have CAD that is severe enough to make everyday activities difficult.

Symptoms that usually bring a person to a doctor are a feeling of heaviness, tightness, pain, burning, pressure, or squeezing. This is usually behind the breastbone, but sometimes it is also in the arms, neck, or jaw. Some people have heart attacks without ever having any of these symptoms first.