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Spinal fusion

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Spinal fusion

Definition:

Spinal fusion involves surgical treatment of abnormalities in the spine bones (vertebrae), such as abnormal curvatures (scoliosis or kyphosis) or injuries (fractures).

The surgery stabilizes the back by fusing certain vertebrae together with bone grafts, with or without pedicle screws, plates, cages, or other devices.

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The most common spinal area involved is the lower (lumbar) spine, but upper (cervical) spine fusion can also be performed. This surgery may be performed to treat arthritis, deformity (scoliosis, for example), instability, or trauma.

Alternative Names:
Vertebral interbody fusion; Posterior spinal fusion; Arthrodesis; Anterior spinal fusion

Description:

While the patient is under general anesthesia (unconscious and pain-free), an incision is made over the area of the spine that will be treated.

The lower spinal vertebrae are often repaired through an incision directly over the spine -- this is called the posterior lumbar approach. The upper spinal vertebrae are often repaired through an incision in the front or side of the neck (anterior cervical spine). The middle spinal vertebrae are sometimes repaired through an incision made in the chest and abdomen (anterior thoracic spine).

Depending on the reason for surgery, the procedure may be performed through incisions made on the front, the back, or a combination of both.

The vertebrae are fused using bone grafts, with or without pedicle screws, plates, or cages.

Indications:

Spinal fusion may be recommended for the following:

• Abnormal curvature of the spine
  • Scoliosis
  • Kyphosis
• Injury to the spinal vertebrae
• Protrusion of the cushioning disc between vertebrae (slipped disk, herniated nucleus pulposus)
• Weak or unstable spine caused by infections or tumors

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