Head and face reconstruction

A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W

Skull

Skull

Craniofacial reconstruction; Orbital-craniofacial surgery; Facial reconstruction

Risks from any anesthesia are:

• Problems breathing
• Reactions to medications

Risks from any surgery are:

• Bleeding
• Infection

Other risks from surgery of the head and face are:

• Nerve (cranial nerve dysfunction) or brain damage
• Need for follow-up surgery, especially in growing children
• Partial or total loss of bone grafts
• Permanent scarring

These complications are more common in people who:

• Smoke
• Have poor nutrition
• Have other medical conditions, such as lupus
• Have poor blood circulation
• Have past nerve damage

Review Date: 05/06/2011
Reviewed By: Shabir Bhimji, MD, PhD, Specializing in General Surgery, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Midland, TX. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org).

---

---