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Consciousness - decreased

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Consciousness - decreased

Definition:

Decreased consciousness refers to diminished alertness or awareness.

Alternative Names:
Stuporous; Mental status - decreased; Loss of alertness; Decreased consciousness; Alertness - decreased; Changes in consciousness; Obtundation; Coma

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Considerations:

Decreased consciousness may result from a multitude of conditions including intoxication (drug, alcohol, or toxin), metabolic abnormalities, seizure activity (epilepsy), central nervous system diseases and conditions, head trauma, shock, decreased oxygen (hypoxia), and decreased blood pressure (hypotension).

Decrease in consciousness, unconsciousness, and coma almost always require medical evaluation (with the possible exception of alcohol intoxication, simple fainting, or a previously recognized seizure disorder).

Persistent coma is called vegetative state.

Common Causes:

• head trauma
• extreme fatigue or sleep deprivation
• seizure activity
• stroke (CVA)
• heart failure
• arrhythmia
• diabetic coma (diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma)
• hypoglycemia
• ketoacidosis
• head injury
• drug intoxication (for example, from pain killers, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, digoxin, ethanol (see ethanol overdose), heavy metals, hydrocarbons, barbiturates, insulin, lithium, organophosphates, phencyclidine, phenothiazines - oral, salicylates - oral, or tricyclic antidepressants)
• electrolyte abnormality (hypernatremia, hypercalcemia)
• infection

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