Nightmares

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Dreams - bad; Bad dreams

If you are under stress, ask for support from friends and relatives. Talking about what is on your mind can help.

Follow a regular fitness routine, with aerobic exercise if possible. You will find that you will be able to fall asleep faster, sleep more deeply, and wake up feeling more refreshed.

Learn techniques to reduce muscle tension (relaxation therapy), which will help reduce your anxiety.

Practice good sleep hygiene. Go to bed at the same time each night, and wake up at the same time each morning. Avoid long-term use of tranquilizers, as well as caffeine and other stimulants.

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If your nightmares started shortly after you began taking a new medication, contact your health care provider. He or she will let you know whether to stop taking that medication, and may recommend an alternative.

For nightmares caused by the effects of "street drugs" or regular alcohol use, ask for advice from your doctor on the safest and most successful ways to quit.

Contact your health care provider if:

• You have nightmares more than once a week
• Nightmares stop you from getting a good night's rest, or from keeping up with your daily activities for a long period of time

Your doctor will examine you, ask you questions, and possibly recommend tests. You may be asked any of the following questions:

• Time pattern
  • How often do you have nightmares?
  • Do they occur in the second half of the night?
• Quality
  • Do you wake up suddenly from sleep?
• Other issues
  • Do the nightmares cause you intense fear and anxiety?
  • Can you remember a particular nightmare (one with vivid images and a story-like plot)?
• Aggravating factors
  • Have you had a recent illness?
  • Did you have a fever?
  • Were you in a stressful situation recently?
• Other
  • Do you use alcohol? How much?
  • What medications do you take?
  • Do you take "street drugs?" If so, which ones?
  • Do you take natural supplements or alternative remedies?
  • What other symptoms do you have?

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood cell measurements
• Liver function tests
• Thyroid function tests
• EEG (which painlessly measures brain waves with electrodes placed on the head)

If reducing stress, medication side effects, and substance use do not improve the nightmares, your health care provider may want to send you to a sleep medicine specialist for a sleep study (polysomnography). In some cases, certain medications may help reduce nightmares.

Review Date: 02/22/2010
Reviewed By: David B. Merrill, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org).