Stool guaiac test

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The stool guaiac test finds hidden (occult) blood in the stool (bowel movement), even when you cannot see the blood yourself.

It is the most common form of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in use today.

Guaiac smear test; Fecal occult blood test - guaiac smear; Stool occult blood test - guaiac smear

In the most common way of doing a stool guaiac test, a small sample of stool is placed on a paper card and a drop or two of testing solution is added. A color change is a sign of blood in the stool.

If the test is performed in an office or hospital, a doctor may collect a small amount of stool during a rectal examination.

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If the test is performed at home:

• You will need to collect a stool sample from three bowel movements, one right after the other.
• You will then smear a small amount of stool on a card, and mail it to a laboratory for testing.

There are many ways to collect the samples:

• You can catch the stool on plastic wrap that is loosely placed over the toilet bowl and held in place by the toilet seat. Then put the sample in a clean container.
• Some test kits supply a special toilet tissue that you use to collect the sample, then put the sample in a clean container.

Do not take stool samples from the toilet bowl water, because this can cause errors.

For infants and young children wearing diapers, you can line the diaper with plastic wrap. Place the plastic wrap so that it keeps the stool away from any urine. Mixing of urine and stool can spoil the sample.

To make sure the guaiac test is accurate, follow the manufacturer's instructions on how to collect the stool.

Do not eat red meat, any blood-containing food, cantaloupe, uncooked broccoli, turnip, radish, or horseradish for 3 days before the test. These foods can sometimes interfere with the test.

You may need to stop taking medicines that can interfere with the test. These include vitamin C and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin.