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Serum globulin electrophoresis

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Serum globulin electrophoresis

Definition:

Serum globulin electrophoresis is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. See also protein electrophoresis - serum and immunoelectrophoresis - serum.

Alternative Names:
Globulin electrophoresis

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How the test is performed:

Blood is drawn from a vein, usually on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and an elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the band to swell with blood.

A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an airtight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

For an infant or young child, the area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. Cotton or a bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any continued bleeding.

Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique. The blood serum (the fluid portion of blood) is placed on specially treated paper and exposed to an electric current. The various proteins migrate (move on the paper) to form bands that indicate the relative proportion of each protein fraction.

How to prepare for the test:

Fast for 4 hours before the test. The health care provider may advise you to withhold drugs that can interfere with the test (see special considerations). DO NOT discontinue any medications without discussing with your health care provider.