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Synovial fluid analysis
Definition:
Synovial fluid analysis is a battery of tests performed on synovial (joint) fluid to help diagnose and treat joint-related abnormalities. Alternative Names:
Joint fluid analysis; Joint fluid aspiration Text Continues Below
How the test is performed:
To obtain the fluid for analysis, a sterile needle is inserted into the joint space through skin that has been specially cleaned. Once in the joint, fluid is aspirated through the needle into a sterile syringe. Synovial fluid is normally a viscous (thick), straw colored substance found in small amounts in joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. In the laboratory, the fluid is initially analyzed for color and clarity. It is then examined microscopically for cells (red and white cells), crystals (in the case of gout), and bacteria. In addition, there may be a chemical analysis, and if infection is a concern, a sample will be cultured to see if any bacteria grow. Abnormal joint fluid may look cloudy or abnormally thick. How to prepare for the test:
Normally, no special preparation is necessary, but contact your health care provider before the test to make sure. Infants and children:
The preparation you can provide for this procedure depends on your child's age, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following: How the test will feel:
Most health care providers will start by injecting local anesthesia with a small needle, which will sting. The aspiration is done with a larger needle and may also cause some pain. The procedure usually lasts less than one minute.
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