Medical Health Encyclopedia

Exercise

Exercising regularly and vigorously may reduce the risk of gallstones and gallbladder disease, even in people who are overweight. Studies are reporting a lower risk for gallstones in both men and women who exercise. Active sports exercise appears to be most protective for both men and women. A 1999 study of women reported that exercise reduced gallstone risk regardless of whether women lost weight or not. Some evidence suggests that that, in addition to controlling weight, exercise helps reduce cholesterol levels in the biliary tract, which could help prevent gallstones.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Some data had indicated that taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, protects against the development of gallstones. Recent studies have been mixed, although a 2001 study reported significant protection against gallstone recurrence in people who took NSAIDs after being treated with lithotripsy.

NOTE: Long-term use of NSAIDS can cause stomach problems, such as ulcers and bleeding, and possible heart problems. In April 2005, the FDA asked drug manufacturers of NSAIDs to include a warning label on their product that alerts users of an increased risk for cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal bleeding. Talk to your doctor before taking these drugs.

The Effects of Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs

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Although it would be reasonable to believe that agents used to lower cholesterol would protect against gallstones, they either have little effect or, in the case of fibrates, actually increase the risk. One study reported a weak association between statins and a lower risk for gallstones. These are the most effective drugs for treating high cholesterol and include lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), atorvastatin (Lipitor), and rosuvastatin (Crestor). Most evidence, however, has found no protection even from these agents. Reducing cholesterol itself, then, does not have any effect on cholesterol gallstones.