Medical Health Encyclopedia

Arthrotec. Arthrotec is a combination of misoprostol and the NSAID diclofenac that may reduce the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. One study found that patients taking Arthrotec had 65% to 80% fewer ulcers than those who took NSAIDs alone.

Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Anacin-3) is the most common alternative to NSAIDs. Acetaminophen is inexpensive and generally safe. It poses far less of a risk for gastrointestinal problems than NSAIDs. It does have some adverse effects, however, and the daily dose should not exceed 4 grams (4000 mg). Some studies suggest that ulcer risk is increased even in doses that exceed 2 grams (2000 mg) a day, if the drug is used on a long-term basis. Patients who take high doses of this drug for long periods are at also risk for liver damage, particularly if they drink alcohol. It may pose a small risk for serious kidney complications in people with preexisting kidney disease, although it is still the drug of choice for people with impaired kidney function.

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Tramadol. Tramadol (Ultram) is a pain reliever that has been used as an alternative to opioids. It has opioid-like properties but is not as addictive. (Dependence and abuse have been reported, however.) It can cause nausea but does not cause severe gastrointestinal problems, as NSAIDs can. Some patients experience severe itching. A combination of tramadol and acetaminophen (Ultracet) is now available and provides more rapid pain relief than tramadol alone and more durable relief than acetaminophen alone. Side effects are the same as for each of these agents.