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Cannabinoids. Cannabinoids, compounds in marijuana (cannabis), are being studied for their effects on glaucoma. For example, oral or inhaled tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, has been shown to reduce IOP in 60 - 65% of patients. The effects of smoking marijuana on IOP last only 3 hours, however. THC also increases the release of glutamate--a nerve protecting chemical. Experts are hoping that topical use of THC or other cannabinoids may help prevent optic nerve damage without the widespread effects of oral or inhaled administration.
Managing Drug Regimens
Reasons for Noncompliance
Studies have revealed that more than 40% of patients miss 10% of their doses, and 15% miss more than half. Noncompliance is very high for many reasons:
- People with chronic glaucoma who are on medication must use eye drops or take pills one or more times a day, usually for the rest of their lives.
- Many people require a multi-drug regimen, two or more different kinds of medications that can be used in various combinations, such as eye drops, ointments, or time-release wafers inserted under the eyelid. Such regimens can be very confusing.
- The side effects of the drugs are more unpleasant than the disease itself, which has no symptoms until vision is lost. The treatment then does not usually produce any noticeable improvement, and the consequence of not taking the drugs, blindness, seems far in the future.
- Skipping even a few doses can greatly increase the risk of visual loss. It is essential that patients tell their doctor if they are not regularly taking their medication. Otherwise, the doctor may increase the dosage, thereby causing unwelcome side effects.
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Patients who do not regularly take their glaucoma medication are at high risk for blindness. If you have problems taking your medications or sticking to the dosing regimen, talk with your doctor.
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