Parkinson's Disease - Resources

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• Passive exercise, mostly stretching and manipulation of muscles by a physical therapist, is aimed at preventing muscles from shortening. A passive exercise program that begins with slow and gentle exercises and becomes progressively more intense may improve mobility in patients with early and mid-stage Parkinson's disease.
• Active exercises are used to help range-of-motion, coordination, and speed. Patients should continually make efforts to practice movement, even simple ones, such as marching in place, making circular arm movements, and raising the legs up and down while sitting. Patients who enjoy sports or the use of exercise equipment should continue with these activities even if their skills diminish, assuming there are no other medical conditions that would prevent participation.

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Gait Training. Practicing new methods for standing, walking, and turning may help retain balance. The following tips may be helpful:

• Take large steps when walking forward, raising the toes at the forward step, and hitting the ground with the heel.
• Take small steps while turning.
• When walking or turning, have the legs 12 - 15 inches apart to provide a wide base.
• Do not wear rubber or crepe-soled shoes because they grip the floor and may cause you to fall forward.
• Using devices that keep a rhythmic beat, such a metronome (a simple device used by musicians to keep time), may help to walk faster and take longer steps.

Reducing Muscle Freezing. The patient should practice regular daily activities that simplify actions and reduce the incidence of muscle freezing. Most often, freezing occurs when a patient begins to move or is presented with an obstacle. The following tips may be helpful:

• Rock from side to side.
• If the legs feel frozen, lift the toes. This simple action may free spasm in some cases.
• Hum marching tunes. In fact, music has been shown to help people move and to get out of bed in the morning.
• Divide actions into separate events, which may prevent freezing that occurs from trying to coordinate too many physical operations at one time. For instance, when going through a doorway, approach the door, stop at the door, open it, stop, and then walk through the doorway.
• Simply being touched by another person can sometimes release the patient (although a patient with PD should never be pulled or pushed).