Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal
When an alcoholic stops drinking, withdrawal symptoms begin within 6 to 48 hours and peak about 24 to 35 hours after the last drink. During this period the inhibition of brain activity caused by alcohol is abruptly reversed. Stress hormones are overproduced and the central nervous system becomes overexcited. Common symptoms include:
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Agitation
- Insominia
Additional symptoms may include:
- Extremely aggressive behavior
- Fever
- Rapid heartbeat
- Changes in blood pressure (either higher or lower)
- Mental disturbances
- Seizures occur in about 10% of adults during withdrawal, and in about 60% of these patients, the seizures are multiple. The time between the first and last seizure is usually 6 hours or less.
- Delirium tremens (DTs) are withdrawal symptoms that become progressively severe and include altered mental states (hallucinations, confusion, severe agitation) or generalized seizures. DTs are potentially fatal. They develop in up to 5% of alcoholic patients, usually 2 to 4 days after the last drink, although it may take 2 or more days to peak.
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It is not clear if older people with alcoholism are at higher risk for more severe symptoms than younger patients. However, several studies have indicated that they may suffer more complications during withdrawal, including delirium, falls, and a decreased ability to perform normal activities.
Initial Assessment
Upon entering a hospital due to alcohol withdrawal, patients should be given a physical examination for any injuries or medical conditions. They should be treated, if possible, for any potentially serious problems, such as high blood pressure, anemia, liver damage, or irregular heartbeat.
Treatment for Withdrawal Symptoms
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