Sperm Retrieval and Preparation for ART

Before fertilization using intrauterine insemination (IUI) or advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can take place, the sperm must be collected and prepared for optimal chances for success.

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Retrieval Procedures

When a man has no available sperm in the ejaculate (usually from blockage, vasectomy, or lack of vas deferens), the sperm must be retrieved from the testes or the epididymis. Various microsurgical techniques are now available for retrieval. The procedure may be done under local or general anesthesia, using a spring-loaded biopsy device, a thin needle, incisions, or microsurgical techniques. Rigorous trials on the best technique are lacking, although all can be successful. The choice will depend on the experience of the clinic and any underlying problems.

Surgical Biopsy. In men without obstruction, sperm can be retrieved using a surgical testicular biopsy.

Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration (TFNA). TFNA employs a fine needle to remove sperm. This can be performed with local anesthetic and by surgeons who do not have to be experienced in microsurgeries.