Risk Factors
Risk Factors for Initial Scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis, the most common form, occurs most often during the growth spurt right before and during adolescence. (Between 12% and 21% of idiopathic cases occur in children aged three to 10 and less than 1% in infants.) Mild curvature (under 20 degrees) occurs about equally in girls and boys, but curve progression is 10 times more likely to occur in girls. Being taller than average at earlier ages may put some girls at risk, but other factors must be present to produce scoliosis. A risk factor that affects females is a delayed onset of menstruation, which can prolong the growth spurt period, thus increasing the possibility for the development of scoliosis.
Risk Factors for Curvature Progression. Once scoliosis is diagnosed, it is very difficult to predict who is at highest risk for curve progression. About 2 - 4% of all adolescents develop curvature of 10 degrees or more, but only about 0.3 - 0.5% of teenagers have curves greater than 20 degrees, which requires some medical attention.
Medical Risk Factors
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People with certain medical conditions that affect the joints and muscles are at higher risk for scoliosis.
Family History
In one study, idiopathic scoliosis occurred in about 5% of close family members of children with the condition.
Young Athletes
Scoliosis may be evident in young athletes, with a prevalence of between 2 - 24%. The highest rates are observed among dancers, gymnasts, and swimmers. The scoliosis may have been due in part to loosening of the joints, delay in puberty onset (which can lead to weakened bones), and stresses on the growing spine. There have also been other isolated reports of a higher risk for scoliosis in young athletes who engage vigorously in sports that put an uneven load on the spine. These include figure skating, dance, tennis, skiing, javelin throwing and other sports. It should be strongly noted that in most cases the scoliosis is minor and everyday sports do not lead to scoliosis. Exercise has many benefits for people both young and old and may even help patients with scoliosis.
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