Medical Health Encyclopedia

Toxicities are high, however, with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. Severe inflammation in the esophagus is the most common severe side effect of this regimen. There is also a very high risk of serious infections, including pneumonia, herpes zoster, and cytomegalovirus, and long-term antibiotic therapy may be needed. Of note, although patients over 70 may suffer more from toxic effects than younger patients, a 2003 study suggested that they can achieve survival rates with combined treatments that are equal to those in younger patients.

Agents Used for Pain Relief

There are many painkilling medications available. Research has demonstrated that aggressive pain relief can help patients better manage cancer treatment symptoms other than pain. For example, a 2001 study suggested that reducing pain in elderly cancer patients markedly lowered their fatigue levels, and other symptoms as well.

Opioids are the most potent pain killers. Proper use of these strong medications is very important for achieving acceptable pain relief and preventing a toxic response. For instance, the long-lasting version of oxycodone (OxyContin) must be swallowed whole; chewing, inhaling, or injecting it can create a lethal overdose.

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Drugs known as bisphosphonates, particularly zoledronic acid (Zometa), are proving to be useful in preventing complications from cancers that have metastasized to bones. The drug, in fact, may help reduce metastasis to the bone.