Medical Health Encyclopedia

Adenovirus

Military personnel.

Vaccine given orally for the prevention of respiratory illness.

Text Continues Below

---

Yellow Fever

Travelers to developing countries where outbreaks have occurred, currently parts of Africa and Central and South America. Residents of these areas, particularly children.

Vaccinations safe and effective for the prevention of jaundice and kidney and liver failure. Anaphylactic reactions in those allergic to eggs. Very rarely, may cause a potentially fatal illness resembling yellow fever, with fever and diarrhea, particularly in seniors. Lower immunity when given with cholera vaccine; the vaccines should be given three weeks apart.

Cholera

Travelers to developing countries where outbreaks have occurred.

Recently developed vaccines (Dukoral, Mutacol) are more effective than previous ones, which provided little protection. Not recommended or available, however, in the US.

Typhoid

Travelers to developing countries where outbreaks have occurred.

Oral vaccines include: (Ty21a, Vivotif). The oral vaccines are not effective against parathyroid fever.

One-shot vaccine (Typhim Vi). Can be taken as early as two weeks before travel. Vi-rEPA is a newer injected vaccine that is safe in children and may be more effective-than other vaccines to date.

No vaccine is 100% effective. The response to the typhoid vaccine tends to be lower in older people.

Tuberculosis

Individuals exposed to infected people.

Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine has been the standard vaccine, but its effectiveness has been questioned. No longer recommended in US except for certain high-risk children. A new recombinant BCG vaccine, shown in early trials to be more effective, is now licensed for use and is undergoing continued study.