Birth Control Options for Women - References

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Highlights	Injected Contraceptives	Emergency Contraception
Introduction	Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)	Female Sterilization
Oral Contraceptives and Combination Hormonal Methods	Spermicidal and Barrier Contraceptives	Resources
Implant Contraceptives	Fertility Awareness Methods	References

Machado RB, Pereira AP, Coelho GP, Neri L, Martins L, Luminoso D. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of migraine in users of combined oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2010 Mar;81(3):202-8. Epub 2009 Oct 28.

Mosher WD, Jones J. Use of Contraception in the United States: 1982-2008. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23 (29). May 2010.

Nelson AL. Contraindications to IUD and IUS use. Contraception. 2007;75(6 Suppl): S76-81.

O'Brien PA, Kulier R, Helmerhorst FM, Usher-Patel M and d'Arcangues C. Copper-containing, framed intrauterine devices for contraception: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Contraception. 2008;77(5): 318-27.

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Peterson HB. Sterilization. Obstet Gynecol, 2008;111(1): 189-203.

Power J, French R and Cowan F. Subdermal implantable contraceptives versus other forms of reversible contraceptives or other implants as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3): CD001326.

Prager S and Darney PD. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in nulliparous women. Contraception. 2007;75(6 Suppl): S12-5.

Roumen FJ. The contraceptive vaginal ring compared with the combined oral contraceptive pill: a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials. Contraception. 2007;75(6): 420-9.

Rosenberg L, Zhang Y, Constant D, Cooper D, Kalla AA, Micklesfield L, et al. Bone status after cessation of use of injectable progestin contraceptives. Contraception. 2007;76(6): 425-31.

Schrager SB. DMPA's effect on bone mineral density: A particular concern for adolescents. J Fam Pract. 2009 May;58(5):E1-8.

Shufelt CL, Bairey Merz CN. Contraceptive hormone use and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jan 20;53(3):221-31.

Spencer AL, Bonnema R, McNamara MC. Helping women choose appropriate hormonal contraception: update on risks, benefits, and indications. Am J Med. 2009 Jun;122(6):497-506.

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Review Date: 09/28/2010
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org).