Menstrual Disorders
There are a number of different menstrual disorders. Problems can range from heavy, painful periods to no period at all.
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Cramps)
Dysmenorrhea is severe, frequent cramping during menstruation. Pain occurs in the lower abdomen but can spread to the lower back and thighs. Dysmenorrhea is usually referred to as primary or secondary.
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Primary dysmenorrhea. Cramps occur from contractions in the uterus. These contractions are a normal part of the menstrual process.With primary dysmenorrhea, cramping pain is directly related to and caused by menstruation. About half of menstruating women experience primary dysmenorrhea. It usually begins two to three years after a women begins to menstruate. The pain typically develops when the bleeding starts and continues for 32 to 48 hours. Cramps are generally most severe during heavy bleeding.
Secondary dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrually related pain that accompanies another medical or physical condition, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Menorrhagia (Heavy Bleeding)
During normal menstruation the average woman loses about 2 ounces (60 ml) or less of blood. Menorrhagia is the medical term for significantly heavier bleeding. Menorrhagia occurs in 9 - 14% of all women and can be caused by a number of factors. Women often overestimate the amount of blood lost during their periods. Clot formation is fairly common during heavy bleeding and is not a cause for concern. However, women should consult their doctor if any of the following occurs:
- Soaking through at least one pad or tampon every hour for several hours.
- Heavy periods that regularly last 10 or more days.
- Bleeding between periods or during pregnancy. Spotting or light bleeding between periods is common in girls just starting menstruation and sometimes during ovulation in young adult women, but it is still a good idea to speak with a doctor.
Amenorrhea (Absence of Menstruation)
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