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Aspiration pneumonia
Definition:
Aspiration pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs and bronchial tubes caused by inhaling foreign material (usually food, drink, vomit, or secretions from the mouth) into the lungs. This may progress to form a collection of pus in the lungs (lung abscess). Alternative Names:
Anaerobic pneumonia; Aspiration of vomitus; Necrotizing pneumonia Text Continues Below
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Aspiration of foreign material (often the stomach contents) into the lung can be a result of disorders that affect normal swallowing, disorders of the esophagus (esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux), or decreased or absent gag reflex in unconscious or semi-conscious individuals. Old age, dental problems, use of sedative drugs, anesthesia, coma, and excessive alcohol consumption are also causal or contributing factors. The response of the lungs depends upon the characteristics and amount of the aspirated substance. The more acidic the material, the greater the degree of lung injury, although this may not necessarily lead to pneumonia.
The injured lungs may become infected with multiple species of anaerobic bacteria or aerobic bacteria. A collection of pus may form in the lung. A protective membrane may form around the abscess.
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