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Page: << Prev | 1 | 2 In their new research, Marsh and study co-author Yuntao Wu, of George Mason University, believe they may have answered that question. They published the findings in the Sept. 5 issue of Cell.
According to the researchers, HIV binds with the CXCR4 receptor on resting T-cells, and that activates a protein called cofilin. Cofilin effectively rearranges the tiny filaments that make up the T-cells protective inner skeleton. One this is done, HIV is able to sneak past this barrier and into the cell's nucleus.
"So now HIV has a means of making these normally [highly] resistant cells susceptible to infection," Marsh said.
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For HIV, there's a decided plus to entering resting versus activated T-cells, because resting cells provide a much safer hiding place, Johnston noted. "If it can get into the resting T-cell, it can just sit in that-cell forever," she explained. "This induces latent infection."
HIV is known to hide out in a number of cell types in the body, making a cure for AIDS elusive. "But if we are aiming to cure infection, we need to understand all of the ways in which latent infection can be established," Johnston said.
HIV's entry into resting T-cells also marks more advanced disease, the experts said. "The emergence of CXCR4 [type virus] usually is late in the disease, and it's usually associated with a relatively severe decline in CD4 T-cells. So, it's not a good sign," Marsh said.
Will this discovery inevitably lead to new, effective AIDS drugs? That remains uncertain, Marsh said.
"The thing about a virus is that it exploits normal processes in a cell," he explained. "So, the clinical aspect always has to look for ways in which you can disturb only the virological component, or most of the virological component, and not hinder those things that are most absolute and necessary for life."
Johnston agreed it may be years, if ever, before this discovery leads to effective therapies. Right now, she said, "this is very much in the arena of just understanding how HIV does what it does."
More information
Find out more on the fight against HIV/AIDS at amfAR.
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