Family Income Impacts Children's Health

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After New Hampshire, the states with the smallest gaps in health between children from high- or low-income families are Virginia, Minnesota, North Dakota and Wyoming. Those with the widest gaps include Texas, Arizona, Nevada, Louisiana, Washington, D.C., and Mississippi, according to the report.

Another factor influencing children's health: a mother's education. Across the country, babies born to mothers who have at least 16 years (i.e., a college degree) of education are less likely to die before reaching their first birthday than babies born to mothers who have not finished high school.

For example, in South Carolina, infant mortality among mothers who have not graduated high school reaches 11.6 deaths per 1,000, compared with 5.3 deaths per thousand among mothers who have had at least 16 years of education. This is one of the largest gaps in infant mortality based on years of school, according to the report.

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Despite this, infant mortality rates in almost every state exceed what ideally could be achieved -- a national benchmark rate of only 3.2 deaths per 1,000, Egerter said.

Other report highlights:

• Children in poor families in most states are six times more likely to be in less than optimal health, compared with higher income families.
• Children in middle-income families are twice as likely, in some states, to be in less than optimal health than children in higher income families.
• Infant mortality is 40 percent higher among mothers with 13 to 15 years of schooling, compared with mothers with at least 16 years of school.
• Children in homes without a high school graduate are more than four times likely to be in less than optimal health than children in a home with a high school graduate, and four times as likely to be in suboptimal health as a child in a home where someone has been to college.

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