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Dose * AUC0-. (mcg. hr./ mL) Cmax (mcg/ mL) *
Amoxicillin amoxicillin
( S. D.)
amoxicillin
( S. D.)
400 mg (5 mL of suspension) 17.1 (3.1) 5.92 (1.62)
400 mg (1 chewable tablet) 17.9 (2.4) 5.18 (1.64) *
Administered at the start of a light meal. * Mean values of 24 normal volunteers. Peak concentrations occurred approximately 1 hour after the dose. Detectable serum levels are observed up to 8 hours after an orally administered dose of amoxicillin. Following a 1-gram dose and utilizing a special skin window technique to determine levels of the antibiotic, it was noted that therapeutic levels were found in the interstitial fluid. Approximately 60% of an orally administered dose of amoxicillin is excreted in the urine within 6 to 8 hours. Microbiology: Text Continues Below
Amoxicillin is similar to ampicillin in its bactericidal action against susceptible organisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide. Amoxicillin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section. Aerobic gram-positive microorganisms: Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus spp. * ( -lactamase-negative strains only)
Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus spp. ( -and -hemolytic strains only) * Staphylococci which are susceptible to amoxicillin but resistant to methicillin/ oxacillin should be considered as resistant to amoxicillin.
Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli ( -lactamase-negative strains only)
Haemophilus influenzae ( -lactamase-negative strains only) Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( -lactamase-negative strains only)
Proteus mirabilis ( -lactamase-negative strains only) Helicobacter: Helicobacter pylori Susceptibility tests: Dilution techniques: Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution method 1 (broth or agar) or equivalent with standardized inoculum concentrations and standardized concentrations of
ampicillin powder. Ampicillin is sometimes used to predict susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to amoxicillin; however, some intermediate strains have been shown to be susceptible to amoxicillin. Therefore, S. pneumoniae susceptibility should be tested using amoxicillin powder.
The MIC values should be interpreted according to the following criteria:
For gram-positive aerobes: Enterococcus Page: << Prev | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Next >>
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