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Additional Info DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Tramadol may induce psychic and physical dependence of the morphine-type (µ-opioid). (See WARNINGS.) Dependence and abuse, including drug-seeking be-havior and taking illicit actions to obtain the drug are not limited to those patients with a prior history of opioid dependence. The risk in patients with substance abuse has been observed to be higher. Tramadol is associ-ated with craving and tolerance development. Withdrawal symptoms may occur if tramadol is discontinued abruptly. These symptoms may include: anxiety, sweating, in-somnia, rigors, pain, nausea, tremors, diarrhea, upper respiratory symptoms, piloerection, and rarely halluci-nations. Clinical experience suggests that withdrawal symptoms may be relieved by reinstitution of opioid therapy followed by a gradual, tapered dose reduction of the medication combined with symptomatic support.
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